Grant Fritchey - Page 3 of 122 - Intimidating Databases and Code

22Jun 2020 by Grant Fritchey 7 Comments

Database Fundamentals #26: The Primary Key War

There is a war about primary keys in the database world. There are two camps. The first camp believes that primary keys should only ever be created on meaningful information. For example, there is an ISO standard for the abbreviation of state names in the United States. You could create a table for looking up state names and make the primary key that abbreviation because it is guaranteed to be unique. The other camp believes that primary keys should never be created on meaningful information because, meaningful information is subject to change and you don’t want your primary keys to be changing. A changing primary key means changing all the tables that are related to that value. This camp believes that all primary keys should be artificial. As far as…

18Jun 2020 by Grant Fritchey No Comments

Combining DMVs, Query Store and Extended Events Is Challenging

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I was recently asked a question on a forum by a person who was frustrated with all the tool choices we have for measuring performance. Moreover, they were frustrated that a simple and clear combination of the tools to achieve synergy was extremely challenging. In fact, they said that, just using the query_hash as an example, they never saw a single match between the DMVs, Query Store and Extended Events. Now, that's pretty unlikely and I'm sure we could talk about why that might be the case. However, this idea of combining the tools, I shared a bunch of thoughts on it. I decided, maybe it's worth sharing here too. Achieving Synergy Honestly, this is tough. I work for a company that makes a monitoring tool. We are trying to…

08Jun 2020 by Grant Fritchey 3 Comments

AWS RDS and SQL Server Deadlocks

AWS, RDS

What's the story with AWS RDS and SQL Server deadlocks? I'm approaching AWS RDS like I was taking on a new role at a new organization. Do we have backups in place? Yes, great. Can I test them? Yes. Do they meet our RTO & RPO? Yes. Moving on. What have we got for monitoring? AWS RDS has a good percentage of the fundamentals. Now, it's laid out a little oddly. You have the stuff going through CloudWatch which is largely OS oriented. Then you have enhanced monitoring, which you have to turn on, which covers eight key metrics for SQL Server. Finally, you can enable Performance Insights which gives you metrics on query behaviors (and yeah, any or all of these may be the subject of upcoming blog posts).…

02Jun 2020 by Grant Fritchey No Comments

Fun Fact: AWS RDS and system_health

AWS, RDS

Did you know that the system_health Extended Event session was running in your RDS instances? Well, it is. HOWEVER. This query, which works perfectly fine on my on premises instance of SQL Server, will fail: SELECT @path = dosdlc.path FROM sys.dm_os_server_diagnostics_log_configurations AS dosdlc; SELECT @path = @path + N'system_health_*'; WITH fxd AS (SELECT CAST(fx.event_data AS XML) AS Event_Data FROM sys.fn_xe_file_target_read_file(@path, NULL, NULL, NULL) AS fx ) SELECT dl.deadlockgraph FROM ( SELECT dl.query('.') AS deadlockgraph FROM fxd CROSS APPLY event_data.nodes('(/event/data/value/deadlock)') AS d(dl) ) AS dl; Whereas, thanks to Aaron Bertrand, this query will work just fine: WITH fxd AS (SELECT CAST(fx.event_data AS XML) AS Event_Data FROM sys.fn_xe_file_target_read_file(N'system_health*.xel', NULL, NULL, NULL) AS fx ) SELECT dl.deadlockgraph FROM ( SELECT dl.query('.') AS deadlockgraph FROM fxd CROSS APPLY event_data.nodes('(/event/data/value/deadlock)') AS d(dl) ) AS dl;…

01Jun 2020 by Grant Fritchey 4 Comments

Getting Started on AWS RDS

AWS, RDS

I'm expanding my skill set into AWS in a big way. So, one of the things I do when I'm learning a technology is to write blog posts about that tech. So, prepare yourself for a bunch of info on AWS. I'll be working with RDS, which will include SQL Server & PostgreSQL for certain. I'll also be posting quite a bit on AWS DevOps as I get into it. The usual stuff, including SQL Server, query tuning, Extended Events, Azure, Azure DevOps, and all the rest is not going away. I'm just adding another topic. Today, we're getting started on AWS RDS. Creating an RDS Instance The thing is, there's a lot of documentation available on getting started on AWS RDS, directly from Amazon. It's embedded neatly into the…

29May 2020 by Grant Fritchey No Comments

Let’s Talk About The Cloud

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I'm launching a new initiative called the Community Circle Cloud Conversation Club (c5 for short). It's going to a panel discussion lead by experts on cloud technologies. I'll be hosting it every Friday at 13:00 EDT starting next Friday, June 5. Every week will feature five different experts speaking on different topics. This coming week's experts are: Kellyn Pot'Vin-GormanBob PusateriFrank GeislerMindy CurnuttCarlos Robles Follow this link to take part on Friday. Our topic will be: "Why Platform as a Service is a Must For Cloud-Based Data Management" This is part of the Community Circle content hosted by Redgate. For all the details on the Community Circle go here. In a nutshell, it's community oriented training, videos, blog posts, classes and even a cookbook. All in support of your continued learning…

26May 2020 by Grant Fritchey No Comments

Database Fundamentals #25: Referential Integrity

Database Fundamentals, SQL Server

If you have been reading through all my fundamentals posts and following along, you have built a small sample database, loaded it with data, and learned how to retrieve the data from it. You’ve also learned how to relate one table to another through T-SQL JOIN statements. But that relationship is very temporary. It will last only as long as it takes for that query to run. To create a database that enforces the relationships between the tables, you need to work with declarative referential integrity (DRI), frequently shortened to referential integrity(RI). DRI is the foundation on which the relational part of the relational storage engine is built. It’s not just a nice thing to do for your database. It’s actually a fundamental piece of how SQL Server works. DRI…

18May 2020 by Grant Fritchey 2 Comments

Can We Get Row Counts After Execution?

SQL Server, T-SQL

The general idea for this question came from dba.stackexchange.com: could we, and if we can, how, get row counts after execution. I was intrigued with the idea, so I ran some tests and did a little digging. I boiled it all down in the answer at the link, but I figured I could share a little here as well. Properly Retrieve Row Counts After Execution The right way to do this is obvious and simple. Before you need it, set up an Extended Events session. Done. The only question is what goes into the Session. First blush, sql_batch_completed and/or rpc_completed. Both will return a rows affected value. Although, interestingly, the row_count value is documented as rows returned. However, it's both. But, if you really want to get picky, batches and…

11May 2020 by Grant Fritchey 7 Comments

Find Indexes Used In Query Store

SQL Server

One of the most frequent questions you'll hear online is how to determine if a particular index is in use. There is no perfect answer to this question. You can look at the sys.dm_db_index_usage_stats to get a pretty good picture of whether or not an index is in use. However, this DMV has a few holes through which you could be mislead. I thought of another way to get an idea of how and where an index is being used. This is also a flawed solution, but, still, an interesting one. What if we queried the information in Query Store? Indexes Used in Query Store Now Query Store itself doesn't store index usage statistics. It stores queries, wait statistics and runtime metrics on individual queries. All useful stuff. Oh, and,…

04May 2020 by Grant Fritchey No Comments

Database Fundamentals #24: More Filtering Data

Database Fundamentals, SQL Server

In this Database Fundamentals post we continue discussing the functionality of the WHERE clause. We started with the basics of the logic using things like AND, OR and LIKE or '='. Now, we'll expand into some other areas. Functions in the WHERE clause SQL Server provides you with all sorts of functions that can be used to manipulate strings, modify dates or times or perform arcane mathematical equations. The problem with these is that if you do them on columns in tables it can lead to performance issues. The trick then, is to not perform functions on the columns in the tables. We’ll cover this in more detail when we get to indexing, variables, and parameters. Just don’t get into the habit of putting functions on the columns in your…