Precedence Goes to Query Store or Plan Guide?

SQL Server 2016
While presenting at SQLDay in Wroclaw, Poland, on the Query Store, I was asked a pretty simple question, which takes precedence, the Query Store or a Plan Guide? One of my favorite answers to questions is "I don't know" because it gives me the opportunity to learn. Let's figure this one out together. I'll post the code to recreate this experiment within AdventureWorks at the end of the article. I'm doing this because the code for forcing execution plans using Plan Guides can be pretty doggone long (you may need to generate your own XML from a plan on your own system, fair warning). I have a stored procedure that I use frequently to demonstrate parameter sniffing and bad parameter sniffing, AddressByCity (listed below). This query when passed the value…
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